Except the characters of disease resistance other characters can also be transferred by the back-cross method. For example, the number 7911, denotes the cross number 11 of the year 79. Plants provide nectar and pollen as edible rewards to the animals for visiting a flower. 3. Generally, each cross is given a number. 3. In this system, the pedigree of a progeny is immediately known and one done not have to refer to the preveious year record. Individual plants with desirable characteristics are selected; disease and lodging susceptible progenies to be eliminated, and also the progenies with undesirable characters are rejected even from the selected plants. The variety is tested in replicated yield trial along with the variety A as check. Or Improvement of asexually propagated crop y selecting superior clones is known as clonal selection. Single seed descent. A tomato plant does not need other tomato plants nearby to pollinate its flowers and produce fruit. Secondly, the progeny of selected plants are intermated in all possible combinations in this method, whereas they are open pollinated in progeny selection. Thus, it describes the parents grandparents, great grandparents so on of an individual. At the end of back-cross programme, F2 is handled like pedigree method. 7. The new variety should be same in yield performance except bearing the new character introduced. Other quantitative characters can also be transferred through back-cross method in both cross- and self-pollinated crop. Pedigree breeding is a method of genetic improvement of self-pollinated species in which superior genotypes are selected from segregating generations and proper records of the ancestry of selected plants are maintained in each generation. Poor progenies may be simply marked discard. In case of Bajra, Tift 23A, a male sterile line which was susceptible to downy mildew has made resistant through back-cross method. both stamen and pistil in the same bloom) and readily transfer pollen from the stamen to the pistil with even the gentlest breeze. The cross may be simple or complex depending upon the number of selected parents. Breeding methods in self-pollinated crops ⢠1. Privacy Policy3. Which part of the male reproductive system store the sperm? 1. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. This number is given to those homozygous lines that are included in preliminary yield trials. This is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes. The flowers that are self-pollinated and they can produce the viable seeds are self-compatible, and the flowers which are self-pollinated but the pollen grains do not function properly on the carpels of the same plant are termed self-incompatible. Tomato plants are self-pollinating, which means that a single tomato plant can set fruit by itself. 2. Progeny from plant No.2 selected from the F4 progeny derived from plant no.4 , selected from the F3 progeny, obtained from the plant No.7 selected in F2. Method of Plant Breeding in Self Pollinated Plants – Pedigree Methods. Less attention and labour is needed for this method. 5. 1) Selection of desirable plants from the segregating population in self- pollinated crops. Progeny in the 4 th row in the F4 plot, selected from the progeny in the 7 th row of the F3 plot. Inheritance of characters is not individually maintained as in pedigree method. 50% of the BC1 plants which are resistant are selected and back-crossed to the recurrent parent, i.e., variety A. BC2-BC5 Generation (Fourth-Seventh Year): In each back-cross generation, segregation would occur for rust resistance. Occurrence. Cultivated sugarcane (Saccharum officincirum) is susceptible to pests and disease, crossed with S. spontanium which is resistant. Modification of back-cross method will produce transgressive segregants. During the entire operation, a record of the entire parent’s offspring relationship is kept, is known as pedigree record. The selection is made on disease reaction, grain character, etc. The variety or species from which the cytoplasm is to be transferred is used as female parent. ï¶ Mass selection is a method of breeding in which individual plants are selected on the basis of phenotype from a mixed population, their seeds are bulked and used to grow the next generation. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. Kinds of Plants That Are Self-Pollinated. Such kind of modification would produce new variety which won’t be like the recurrent parent. Recurrent selection was originally developed as a method of breeding in cross pollinated species. In cotton, the hybridization between Gossypium hirsutum and G. arboreum yielded highly sterile F hybrid, few tetraploid seeds were obtained. Mass selection method is used to breed a plant with cross-pollination. He obtained commercial seed lot of princess variety of bean. Inter-varietal Transfer of Quantitative Characters: Grain characters like seed size and shape, earliness, plant height-all can be transferred from one variety to another with the criteria of high heritability. Back-Cross Method: Back-cross is the event of crossing of F1 with either of the parents, but here in ⦠K 68 (good quality grain) â NP 773 x K 13, WL 711 (dwarf, high yield) â (S308 x Chris) x Kalyan Sona, Malviya 12 (good grain) â NP 876 x Cno 66, ‘Jaya’ and ‘Padma’ (short duration, finer grain) âTaichung Native 1 x T 141, ‘Laxmi’ (fibre quality, early maturing, resistant to leaf blight) Gadag 1 x CC 2 (Cambodia Coimbatore 2), Pusa early dwarf (more yield) â Meerut x Red cloud. Thus in stepwise manner more than one characters can be introduced into a single recurrent parent. Now it is also used in self pollinated species. So the selection for that recessive gene requires the F2 generation, i.e., selfing is needed after every two back-crosses, and testing for the presence of that character has to be done in that generation. 4. ï¶ Pureline refers to the homogenous progeny of a self pollinated homozygous plant. 2. 1. Three different advantages may be achieved from this method: (2) Waiting for selection by environmental disaster. 6. Application of Pedigree Method: 1) Selection of desirable plants from the segregating population in self- pollinated crops. as well as yield and quality characters. 3) The pedigree record must be accurate. In F2 and F3, the selection for yield is not effective. By back-crossing with noble cane these undesired characters are removed. The method is generally used for handling segregation generation may be grouped into three categories. In case of wheat, ‘Kalyan Sona’ is the popular established variety to which the leaf rust resistance character has been transferred from diverse sources like Robin, KI, Bluebird, Tobari, etc. There is no rust resistance test, the plants are selected only on resemblances with recurrent parent A, and again back-crossed with recurrent parent. This method takes a long time to release a new variety, as the method of natural selection becomes operative only after F8 or F10. The emphasis is given on the selection of desirable plants from superior progenies. 6. using back-cross method. Pedigree method is useful in selection of new superior recombinant types from a hybridization programme. In Pedigree method, a detailed record of the relationship between the selected plants and their progenies is maintained as a result of this each progeny in every generation can be traced back to the F2 plant from which it originated, such record is known as pedigree record or pedigree. Pure line selection ⢠3. 3. Since cross-pollinated species are naturally hybrid (heterozygous) for many traits and lose vigour as they become purebred (homozygous), a goal of each of these breeding methods is to preserve or restore heterozygosity. What are the characters Mendel selected for his experiments on pea plant? Open-pollinated plants require the wind, insects (pollinators like bees), or the gardener to help pollinate the flowers so they can set fruit and produce seeds. This method is applicable to any self-pollinating crop like cereals, legumes and oil seeds. TOS4. In crop plants with high percentages of natural cross-pollination, controlled selfing ⦠Share Your PPT File. This brings resistance but with undesirable characters like more fibre, low sugar, thin stem, etc. The success of the method is mainly dependent on the skill of the breeder. ; superior lines are released as new variety. 2. The source material may be random mating populations, synthetic cultivars, single cross, or double cross. By using BD8 (wilt resistant, high spinning value but low ginning out turns) as recurrent parent and Goghari A26 (high ginning out turn) as non-recurrent parent, new variety Vijay was developed. Individual plant progeny is selected from F2 and subsequent generations, and their progenies are tested. The system of alternate back-crossing and selfing goes on till the desired results are obtained. During this process the record of parents as well as off-springs is kept, for which it is known as pedigree method. Content Guidelines 2. Your email address will not be published. Three or more rows for each progeny will help in comparison among progenies. Quality test is done to serve as an additional basis for selection. After hybridization programme when the F2 and subsequent generations are harvested in mass or as bulk to raise the next generation, it is called bulk method. As the recurrent parent is an established variety, so it is not necessary to test the yield performance which ultimately saves five years-time, as well as expenses. 2. ... Pure-line selection method is used to breed a plant with self-pollination. Breeding Methods in Cross Pollinated Crops The most important methods of breeding cross-pollinated species are (1) mass selection; (2) development of hybrid varieties; and (3) development of synthetic varieties. 1. When the animal visits another flower, some of this pollen comes off onto the stigma pollination has occurred. The number of selected progenies should be reasonable so that preliminary yield trial with 25-100 progenies can be done. The selection procedure is same as previous year, only if two or more progenies coming from the same F3 progeny are similar and comparable, then only one may be saved and others may be rejected. Your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1 ) selection of new superior recombinant ’... 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